Power Tools for Small Ticket Leasing
|
Chapter 1. Introduction |
1 |
||||||
|
Part One: Background |
|||||||
|
Chapter 2. Leases and Loans: Classification Issues |
11 |
||||||
|
Understanding Lease Classifications |
12 |
||||||
|
Leases and Loans for Federal Income Tax Purposes |
14 |
||||||
|
Implications of lease or loan treatment |
14 |
||||||
|
Finance lease or conditional sale lease |
14 |
||||||
|
True lease |
15 |
||||||
|
Rules for classifying as lease or loan |
15 |
||||||
|
What if we get it wrong? |
18 |
||||||
|
Leases and Loans for Financial Reporting Purposes |
19 |
||||||
|
A brief history of leasing accounting |
20 |
||||||
|
Implications of lease or loan treatment |
22 |
||||||
|
Operating lease--lessee |
23 |
||||||
|
Direct finance lease--lessor |
23 |
||||||
|
Capital lease--lessee |
26 |
||||||
|
Rules for classifying as lease or loan |
27 |
||||||
|
What if we get it wrong? |
28 |
||||||
|
Leases and Loans for Uniform Commercial Code Purposes |
29 |
||||||
|
Implications of lease or loan treatment |
30 |
||||||
|
Rules for classifying as lease or loan |
31 |
||||||
|
What if we get it wrong? |
33 |
||||||
|
Summary |
35 |
||||||
|
Review Questions |
35 |
||||||
|
Chapter 3. Why Small Ticket Leasing is Different |
39 |
||||||
|
Key Reasons Why Legal Issues are of Lesser Importance |
40 |
||||||
|
Form driven |
40 |
||||||
|
Type of lease |
41 |
||||||
|
Creditworthiness of lessee |
43 |
||||||
|
Summary |
45 |
||||||
|
Review Questions |
46 |
||||||
|
Part Two: Documentation Issues |
|||||||
|
Chapter 4. Key Lease Contract Provisions |
47 |
||||||
|
Key Contract Provisions |
50 |
||||||
|
Master lease/schedule language |
50 |
||||||
|
Rent description |
50 |
||||||
|
Late fee |
51 |
||||||
|
Equipment description |
51 |
||||||
|
Equipment location |
51 |
||||||
|
Security deposits |
52 |
||||||
|
Hell or high water clause |
52 |
||||||
|
Lessor assignment |
52 |
||||||
|
Lessee sublease or assignment |
53 |
||||||
|
Conspicuous warranty disclaimer |
54 |
||||||
|
General indemnity |
54 |
||||||
|
Taxes |
55 |
||||||
|
Income tax indemnity |
55 |
||||||
|
Maintenance provisions |
55 |
||||||
|
Insurance provisions |
56 |
||||||
|
Event of loss |
57 |
||||||
|
Default provisions |
58 |
||||||
|
Return provisions |
60 |
||||||
|
Purchase/renewal options |
60 |
||||||
|
UCC Article 2A |
60 |
||||||
|
Additional lessor duties |
61 |
||||||
|
Lessee statements |
61 |
||||||
|
Further assurances |
61 |
||||||
|
Choice of law/consent to jurisdiction |
62 |
||||||
|
Summary |
62 |
||||||
|
Review Questions |
63 |
||||||
|
Chapter 5. Additional Lease Documents |
66 |
||||||
|
Commitment Letter |
66 |
||||||
|
Lease Summary Sheet |
69 |
||||||
|
Guaranty |
69 |
||||||
|
Vendor-Related Agreements |
76 |
||||||
|
Broker-Funder Documentation |
76 |
||||||
|
Lessee Certificates |
77 |
||||||
|
Secretary's Certificate |
77 |
||||||
|
Good standing certificate |
79 |
||||||
|
Landlord/Mortgagee Waivers |
80 |
||||||
|
Insurance Certificates |
80 |
||||||
|
TRAC Documents |
81 |
||||||
|
Summary |
82 |
||||||
|
Review Questions |
83 |
||||||
|
Chapter 6. Financial Elements in a Lease |
85 |
||||||
|
Lease Payment Elements |
85 |
||||||
|
Lease commencement |
86 |
||||||
|
Length of lease term |
87 |
||||||
|
Billing frequency |
88 |
||||||
|
Lease Payment Structures |
90 |
||||||
|
Straight-line or level payments |
90 |
||||||
|
Accelerated payments |
91 |
||||||
|
Decelerated payments |
92 |
||||||
|
Custom payment structures |
94 |
||||||
|
Yields, Rates and Profitability |
95 |
||||||
|
Yield |
96 |
||||||
|
Implicit interest rate |
96 |
||||||
|
Rate |
98 |
||||||
|
End position/residual value |
99 |
||||||
|
Fair market value purchase options |
100 |
||||||
|
Fixed price purchase options |
101 |
||||||
|
End of lease renewal option |
102 |
||||||
|
Less Common Lease Provisions |
102 |
||||||
|
Buyouts |
102 |
||||||
|
Add-ons/master leases |
103 |
||||||
|
Upgrades |
103 |
||||||
|
Government leases |
104 |
||||||
|
Summary |
105 |
||||||
|
Review Questions |
107 |
||||||
|
Chapter 7. The Lease Package |
110 |
||||||
|
The Credit Decision |
111 |
||||||
|
Undesirable lease transactions |
114 |
||||||
|
Completed Application |
115 |
||||||
|
Basic information |
115 |
||||||
|
Information on principals |
117 |
||||||
|
Credit references |
118 |
||||||
|
Trade references |
118 |
||||||
|
Bank references |
118 |
||||||
|
Equipment Description |
120 |
||||||
|
Transaction Summary |
122 |
||||||
|
Background and history |
122 |
||||||
|
Purpose of the lease |
122 |
||||||
|
Collateral evaluation |
123 |
||||||
|
Customer's future prospects |
123 |
||||||
|
Primary and secondary sources of debt repayment |
123 |
||||||
|
Comments section of the transaction summary |
124 |
||||||
|
Business and Personal Documents |
124 |
||||||
|
Business documents |
124 |
||||||
|
Personal documents |
125 |
||||||
|
How to Avoid Problems |
125 |
||||||
|
Summary |
126 |
||||||
|
Review Questions |
127 |
||||||
|
Chapter 8. The Documentation Process |
131 |
||||||
|
Contingencies Cleared |
131 |
||||||
|
Correct Name of Debtor/Lessor |
131 |
||||||
|
Invoices |
131 |
||||||
|
Sales Tax |
132 |
||||||
|
Commitment/Documentation Fee |
132 |
||||||
|
Purchase Orders |
132 |
||||||
|
Shipping Date |
132 |
||||||
|
Document Signing |
132 |
||||||
|
Advance Rental Check |
133 |
||||||
|
Part Three: Selling Leasing |
|||||||
|
Chapter 9. Benefits of Leasing to Lessees: The Evidence |
134 |
||||||
|
Does the Economy Affect Leasing Attitudes? |
135 |
||||||
|
Propensity to Lease Among Small Firms |
138 |
||||||
|
Does organizational form influence leasing? |
138 |
||||||
|
Does company size affect leasing? |
139 |
||||||
|
Does leasing depend upon years in business? |
140 |
||||||
|
Is leasing related to owner experience? |
141 |
||||||
|
Is lease usage affected by credit risk? |
142 |
||||||
|
Survey of Small Business Administration Winners |
143 |
||||||
|
Benefits of leasing |
143 |
||||||
|
Leasing In the Lodging Industry |
144 |
||||||
|
Financing Strategies for Start-Up Companies |
146 |
||||||
|
Start-up strategies |
146 |
||||||
|
Start-up attitudes toward leasing |
147 |
||||||
|
Increased cash flow |
148 |
||||||
|
Balance sheet management |
148 |
||||||
|
Obsolescence |
148 |
||||||
|
Burn rate |
149 |
||||||
|
Leasing in the Commercial Truck Market |
150 |
||||||
|
Full-service lessees--why we lease |
151 |
||||||
|
Finance lease lessees--why we lease |
151 |
||||||
|
Summary |
|||||||